Hojo Undo (
# Lifting Tools
# Chiishi
![Chiishi at the Higaonna Dojo in Okinawa](/hojo-undo/hojo-undo-higaonna-dojo-chiishi.jpg)
Short for "Chikara Ishi"
Chiishi are used to increase the strength of one's grip, fingers, wrists, arms, shoulders and back, as well as the dropping of body weight development of breathing rhythms and improved shikodachi from squatting while using the chiishi. There are several exercises for the chiishi, and while they are simple they are quite effective if performed regularly. The Chiishi appears to have originated from one (or both) of two tools used in Okinawa, grinding stones used for the preparation of food and looms used for spinning textiles. Both these tools have more than a passing resemblance to chiishi and were commonplace.
# Makiage
Another basic tool, the Makiage 「
The Makiage is sometimes referred to as a "Makiage kigu" 「
# Nigiri Game
![Nigiri game at the Higaonna Dojo in Okinawa](/hojo-undo/hojo-undo-higaonna-dojo-nigiri-game.jpg)
Nigiri Game (握甕 - ニギリガメ)translates roughly as "gripping jars", they are also sometimes referred to as "Sanchin Jars". These are used to train grip strength as well as arm and back strength. These are simply jars which are gripped on the lip of the jar. The jars may simply be held while the user steps (Sanchin stepping, or Shikodachi stepping) or they may be raised and lowered as well.
The weight and size of the jars differs but, if a jar is too light or becomes to easy to use, it is common to fill it with things like water/sand/rocks to increase it's weight.
# Ishi Sashi
![Ishi Sashi at the Higaonna Dojo in Okinawa](/hojo-undo/hojo-undo-higaonna-dojo-ishi-sashi.jpg)
Ishi Sashi or Saashii (石錠 or サーシー), are literally translated as Stone Padlocks.
# Kongoken
A creation of Chojun Miyagi, the Kongoken (金剛圏 - コンゴウケン) is based off of large, man sized iron circles he saw being used by Hawaiian wrestlers to train when he visited Hawaii in the mid 1930s. He was apparently so impressed with the tool he brought one or more home when he returned to Okinawa around 1935. Miyagi modified the design to make it closer to the human body, flatting the sides so it now resembles more of a rectangle with circular ends. A Kongoken is normally around 150-165cm tall and around 20-25kg heavy, it can be used as a weight for regular strength exercises or it can be lifted, rotated and manipulated in various ways to simulate and train methods and techniques for things such as throwing, controlling and otherwise moving an opponents body.
# Tetsu Geta
![Tetsu Geta at the Higaonna Dojo in Okinawa](/hojo-undo/hojo-undo-higaonna-dojo-tetsu-geta.jpg)
Literally "Iron Sandals" the Tetsu Geta (
# Impact Tools
# Makiwara
The Makiwara(
The original makiwara was a round post with rope around it, which while can be struck, has little give to it (if any) and the round surface could make some techniques (i.e. a straight punch) difficult to perform. The straw is said to have also discoloured the knuckles of those who used it, and if straw splinters got into a cut or abrasion on one's knuckles it was quite painful.
Nowadays the posts tend to be a plank of wood that flexes when hit (achieved by using a plank that is thinner at the top than at the bottom) with a leather pad attached to top, this pad may be removable and the post could be buried or bolted to the floor. This design allows for much more give in the post which is means it's safer to strike with intensity with less risk to ones joints.
Other variations include:
- Circular posts with one or more slits cut into them down the middle in order to let them give on a strike
- Portable Makiwara held by two people and struck by a third (imagine a long horizontal plank with two people holding either side)
- Makiwara with a pad near the bottom for kicking
- Wall attached Makiwara, usually composed of a block of wood with one or more slits cut one after the other in middle of the wood to allow for give
- Wooden plank Makiwara with slits cut into them
To be added: (picture of a traditional rope post) (picture of a modern rope post) (picture of a modern leather post) (picture of the giant makiwara)
# Tou
The Tou (とう) is a bundle of dried bamboo tied together. This bundle is used to train one's striking abilities or to condition one's extremities. It can be struck with the arms, kicked, gripped or even stabbed with a thrust of one's fingers. A Tou may be vertical or horizontal, different configurations lend themselves better to different training techniques. Very useful for training nukite, but not recommenced until you have conditioned your hands somewhat.
# Jari Bako
Literally "Gravel/Pebble Box", the Jari Bako (
As the alternate names imply, these boxes can hold more than just rocks and in fact, starting with something less rough like rice is recommended until your hands are tough enough to endure more unforgiving materials.
# Ishi
Ishi literally means rock or stone. They can be used for weight training or conditioning exercises. Morio Higaonna Sensei is famous for his use of the Ishi to condition his hands.